Alex and Bob are brothers and they both enjoy reading very much. They have widely different tastes on books so they keep their own books separately. However, their father thinks it is good to promote exchanges if they can put their books together. Thus he has bought an one-row bookshelf for them today and put all his sons' books on it in random order. He labeled each position of the bookshelf the owner of the corresponding book ('Alex' or 'Bob').
Unfortunately, Alex and Bob went outside and didn't know what their father did. When they were back, they came to realize the problem: they usually arranged their books in their own orders, but the books seem to be in a great mess on the bookshelf now. They have to sort them right now!!
Each book has its own worth, which is represented by an integer. Books with odd values of worth belong to Alex and the books with even values of worth belong to Bob. Alex has a habit of sorting his books from the left to the right in an increasing order of worths, while Bob prefers to sort his books from the left to the right in a decreasing order of worths.
At the same time, they do not want to change the positions of the labels, so that after they have finished sorting the books according their rules, each book's owner's name should match with the label in its position.
Here comes the problem. A sequence of N values s0, s1, ..., sN-1 is given, which indicates the worths of the books from the left to the right on the bookshelf currently. Please help the brothers to find out the sequence of worths after sorting such that it satisfies the above description.
The first line of input contains a single integer T, the number of test cases. Each test case starts with a line containing an integer N, the number of books on the bookshelf. The next line contains N integers separated by spaces, representing s0, s1, ..., sN-1, which are the worths of the books.
For each test case, output one line containing "Case #X: ", followed by t0, t1, ..., tN-1 in order, and separated by spaces. X is the test case number (starting from 1) and t0, t1, ..., tN-1 forms the resulting sequence of worths of the books from the left to the right.
1 ≤ T ≤ 30.
1 ≤ N ≤ 100
-100 ≤ si ≤ 100
1 ≤ N ≤ 1000
-1000 ≤ si ≤ 1000
2 5 5 2 4 3 1 7 -5 -12 87 2 88 20 11
Case #1: 1 4 2 3 5 Case #2: -5 88 11 20 2 -12 87
Do you know how to read the phone numbers in English? Now let me tell you.
For example, In China, the phone numbers are 11 digits, like: 15012233444. Someone divides the numbers into 3-4-4 format, i.e. 150 1223 3444. While someone divides the numbers into 3-3-5 format, i.e. 150 122 33444. Different formats lead to different ways to read these numbers:
150 1223 3444 reads one five zero one double two three three triple four.
150 122 33444 reads one five zero one double two double three triple four.
Here comes the problem:
Given a list of phone numbers and the dividing formats, output the right ways to read these numbers.
Rules:
Single numbers just read them separately.
2 successive numbers use double.
3 successive numbers use triple.
4 successive numbers use quadruple.
5 successive numbers use quintuple.
6 successive numbers use sextuple.
7 successive numbers use septuple.
8 successive numbers use octuple.
9 successive numbers use nonuple.
10 successive numbers use decuple.
More than 10 successive numbers read them all separately.
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T lines|test cases follow. Each line contains a phone number N and the dividing format F, one or more positive integers separated by dashes (-), without leading zeros and whose sum always equals the number of digits in the phone number.
For each test case, output one line containing "Case #x: y", where x is the case number (starting from 1) and y is the reading sentence in English whose words are separated by a space.
1 ≤ T ≤ 100.
1 ≤ length of N ≤ 10.
1 ≤ length of N ≤ 100.
3 15012233444 3-4-4 15012233444 3-3-5 12223 2-3
Case #1: one five zero one double two three three triple four Case #2: one five zero one double two double three triple four Case #3: one two double two three
Consider an infinite complete binary tree where the root node is 1/1 and left and right childs of node p/q are p/(p+q) and (p+q)/q, respectively. This tree looks like:
1/1
______|______
| |
1/2 2/1
___|___ ___|___
| | | |
1/3 3/2 2/3 3/1
...
It is known that every positive rational number appears exactly once in this tree. A level-order traversal of the tree results in the following array:
1/1, 1/2, 2/1, 1/3, 3/2, 2/3, 3/1, ...
Please solve the following two questions:
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow. Each test case consists of one line. The line contains a problem id (1 or 2) and one or two additional integers:
For each test case:
Case #x: p q", where x is the case number (starting from 1), and p, q are numerator and denominator of the asked array element, respectively.Case #x: n", where x is the case number (starting from 1), and n is the position of the given number.1 ≤ T ≤ 100; p and q are relatively prime.
1 ≤ n, p, q ≤ 216-1; p/q is an element in a tree with level number ≤ 16.
1 ≤ n, p, q ≤ 264-1; p/q is an element in a tree with level number ≤ 64.
4 1 2 2 1 2 1 5 2 3 2
Case #1: 1 2 Case #2: 2 Case #3: 3 2 Case #4: 5
Edison, a robot, does not have a right hand or eyes. As a brave robot, he always puts his left hand on the wall no matter he walks or turns around. Because he thinks it is too dangerous, Edison does not walk backward.
Assume that Edison has found himself in a square-shaped maze of NxN square cells which is surrounded by walls from the outside. In the maze, some of the cells are also walls. Edison can only move between two empty cells in four directions, north, south, west and east. In order to get out of the maze, he drafts a plan. He uses his left hand to lean on the wall and goes by following the wall.
Here is the question, is Edison able to get out of the maze in at most 10,000 steps? If he can make it, output the path. By getting out of the maze, he only needs to be in the exit cell. If the starting cell is the same as the exit, Edison won't need to move and can directly get out of the maze.
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow. Each test case starts with an integer N. N is the size of the maze. The following N lines, each line contains N characters which may be '.' or '#'. '.' is an empty cell, '#' is a wall. Followed by a line which contains four integers: sx, sy, ex, ey. (sx, sy) means that Edison is standing on row sx and column sy as his starting cell, (ex, ey) is the exit of the maze. (sx, sy) is guaranteed to be at one of the 4 corners of the maze, and Edison can only touch the wall on 4 adjacent cells(not 8) initially. (ex, ey) can be anywhere in the maze. Note that the top-left corner is at position (1,1).
For each test case, output a line containing "Case #x: y", where x is the case number (starting from 1) and y is "Edison ran out of energy." (without the quotes) if Edison can't reach the exit of the maze in at most 10,000 steps, otherwise y should be the number of steps followed by another line which contains y characters to describe the path (each character should be E for east, S for south, W for west or N for north). There is no character to represent the turning around. We don't care about the turning around steps, please only output the path of how Edison will cross the maze.
2 ≤ N ≤ 10.
2 ≤ N ≤ 100.
3 2 .# #. 1 1 2 2 5 .##.# ..... ...#. .###. ...#. 1 1 5 3 3 ... .#. ... 1 1 3 3
Case #1: Edison ran out of energy. Case #2: 22 SEEENSESSSNNNWWSWWSSEE Case #3: 4 EESS
The enemy has invaded your spaceship, and only superior tactics will allow you to defend it! To travel around your spaceship, your soldiers will use two devices: teleporters and turbolifts.
Teleporters allow your soldiers to move instantly between rooms. Every room contains a teleporter, and rooms are color-coded: if a soldier is in a room with some color, she can use the teleporter in that room to immediately move to any other room with the same color.
Turbolifts allow your soldiers to move between rooms more slowly. A turbolift is like an elevator that moves in many directions. Each turbolift moves from one room to one other room, and it takes a certain amount of time to travel. Notes about turbolifts:
a to room b, the same turbolift cannot move soldiers from room b to room a, although there might be another turbolift that does that.You will be given the locations and destinations of several soldiers. For each soldier, output the minimum amount of time it could take that soldier to travel from his location to his destination.
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow.
For every test case:
The first line of every test case contains an integer N, which is the number of rooms in your spaceship. The rooms are numbered from 1 to N. The following N lines each contain a string telling the color of the rooms, from room 1 to room N. The strings only contain characters a-z (the lower-case English letters) and 0-9 (the number 0 to 9), and the length of each string will be less than or equal to 2.
The next line in the test case is an integer M, which indicates the number of turbolifts in your spaceship. The following M lines each contain 3 space-separated integers ai, bi, ti, telling us that there is a turbolift that can transport soldiers from room ai to room bi in ti seconds.
The next line in the test case contains an integer S, which is the number of soldiers at your command. The following S lines each contain two integers: the location and destination of one soldier, pj and qj.
For each test case, output one line containing only the string "Case #x:", where x is the number of the test case (starting from 1). On the next S lines, output a single integer: on line j, the smallest number of seconds it could take for a soldier to travel from pj to qj. If there is no path from pj to qj, the integer you output should be -1.
1 ≤ S ≤ 100.
1 ≤ ai, bi ≤ N.
0 ≤ ti ≤ 1000.
1 ≤ pj, qj ≤ N.
1 ≤ T ≤ 10.
1 ≤ N ≤ 1000.
0 ≤ M ≤ 3000.
T = 1.
1 ≤ N ≤ 80000.
0 ≤ M ≤ 3000.
3 3 gl t3 t3 3 1 2 217 3 2 567 1 1 21 2 2 1 2 3 4 ca bl bl 8z 0 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 8 re b7 ye gr 0l 0l ye b7 7 4 1 19 2 4 21 2 5 317 4 5 34 4 7 3 4 8 265 8 6 71 3 4 3 2 6 1 4
Case #1: -1 0 Case #2: -1 0 0 Case #3: 3 55 -1
1/1
______|______
| |
1/2 2/1
___|___ ___|___
| | | |
1/3 3/2 2/3 3/1
...
The path to the n-th element in the tree can be presented by the binary representation of n. For example, if n = 6, then its path can be represented by 110, meaning "1 (root, 1/1) => 1 (go right, 2/1) => 0 (go left, 2/3)", and we get 2/3. So to solve Q1, we at first find the binary representation of n, then goes down the tree along the path.
To solve Q2, we need to find the path from p/q to 1/1. To achieve this we need to continuously subtract p from q (if q > p) or subtract q from p (if p > q). Hence, the path can be constructed by representing these two operations by 0 and 1 respectively.
Code list:
import fractions
def Normalize(p, q):
r = fractions.Fraction(p, q)
return r.numerator, r.denominator
def FindElement(n):
"""Solution for Q1."""
assert n > 0
path = bin(n)[3:]
p = q = 1
for x in path:
if x == '0':
q += p
else:
p += q
return p, q
def FindPosition(p, q):
"""Solution for Q2."""
assert p > 0 and q > 0
p, q = Normalize(p, q)
b = ''
while p != q:
if p > q:
p -= q
b = '1' + b
else:
q -= p
b = '0' + b
b = '1' + b
return int(b, 2)
For each query:
We can consider there are edges with weight 0 between every two nodes with same color.
Then we can run a Dijkstra algorithm to get the distance of shortest path. In that case the time complexity would be O(Q * N * log N + M) and space complexity would be O(N + M). In which N is the number of vertexes, M is the number of edges and Q is the number of query.
If we make the vertexes with same color into one single vertex, we can reduce the graph and then reduce the problem. In that case, the time complexity would be O(Q * C * log C + N + M). In which C is the number of different color.